| 1. | The insurance company will not entertain the claim if the risk covered is not the proximate cause of the loss
如果投保的险别不是造成损失的直接原因，保险公司不予赔偿。 |
| 2. | That is to say , even if the insured perils are proximate causes , the insurer will free from indemnifying the loss
还存在有失踪船舶的特殊情况，一般视其近因为海上风险。 |
| 3. | There are various different opinions about it , but among them , the principle of proximate cause is prevailed in law and practices in marine insurance
尤其是在保险业不断发展之后，因果关系运用在该领域体现了一定的特殊性。 |
| 4. | About the word " proxima " , there were 2 main opinions . one treated time as the standard to judge which was the proximate cause
近因理念最早产生于英美法之中，而明确将近因原则作为海上保险法的基本原则首见于英国1906年海上保险法( mia1906 ) 。 |
| 5. | In this test , they advocated that judges should apply common acknowledge of people on the street , while trying to find the proximate cause in the complicated relations between causes and effects
英美法中关于近因原则的判定还提出了常识标准( commonsensetest ) ，本文也将有简单介绍。 |
| 6. | Proximate causes of mutiny may have been alcohol and anger , but the ultimate reason was evolutionarily adaptive emotions expressed nonadaptively , with irreversible consequences
反叛的表面原因似乎是酗酒和斗气，但根本原因在于，进化形成的适应性情感做了非适应性表达，从而酿成不可收拾的后果。 |
| 7. | Therefore , the following chapter mainly discusses the background of the principle of proximate cause , and its development . this principle originated from one proverb in ancient law , " causa proxima et non remota spectatur "
本文第二章将从近因的产生入手，结合经典案例详述近因原则在海上保险法与实践中的运用，这部分是文章的重点。 |
| 8. | In french civil law , it contains two aspects of meaning : the first is the reason the parties make a contract , i . e . the proximate cause ; the second is the ultimate aim that the parties want to achieve through a contract , and it is called the remote cause of a contract
原因是大陆法系契约法中的术语。在法国，原因包含着两层意思：一是当事人订立合同的理由，即近因；二是当事人订立合同所希望达到的最终目的，即远因。 |
| 9. | The judgments vary according to different judges . in this chapter , the author try to give general ideas about what should be considered when this principle is applied . about the criterion of proximate cause , judges in common law system suggested one " common sense test "
文章将区分几种情况来介绍近因的判定过程，主要是损失原因单一、多种原因致损、多种原因相继发生并互为因果关系、多种原因相继发生并有新的介入因素等。 |
| 10. | Then the latter intervene events take the place of the proceeding causes and become proximate cause . this point of view had been criticized for the reason that it might lead the judge to an old fashion , i . e . , to adopt the last event in the sequence of causation as the proximate cause
本文第一章将着重介绍两大法系民法领域中关于因果关系的一些代表性观点，如原因说、条件说、必然因果关系说、相当因果关系说等，以及在海上保险领域最具代表性的近因说。 |
